L4 Nerve Root (L4)

Authors

Affiliations

Nathaniel Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Peripheral Nerve Supply

Nerve	Roots	Motor Innervation	Cutaneous Innervation
Obturator N.	L2, L3, L4
Femoral N.	L2, L3, L4
Superior Gluteal N.	L4, L5, S1	Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)	None
Sciatic N.
Common Fibular N.	L4, L5, S1, S2
Tibial N.	L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Muscle Innervation

Motor Innervation

Femoral nerve

Femoral nerve L4 innervations

Quadriceps

Examination

Deep Tendon Reflex

Patella reflex (L2, L3, L4, but predominantly L4)

References

Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Wikenheiser JC, Voll MM, Wesker K, Schünke M, eds. Atlas of Anatomy. 4th ed. Thieme; 2020.

Olewnik Ł. Fibularis Tertius: Anatomical Study and Review of the Literature. Clinical Anatomy (New York, NY). 2019;32(8):1082-1093. doi:10.1002/ca.23449

Citation

For attribution, please cite this work as:

Yomogida N, Kerstein C. L4 Nerve Root (L4). https://yomokerst.com/The Archive/Anatomy/Nerve Roots/L4_nerve_root.html

L4 Nerve Root Skeletal Muscle Innervations
Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Innervation	Action
Adductor Longus	Superior pubis ramus¹ Anterior side of Pubic Symphysis¹ [Superior pubis ramus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Anterior side of Pubic Symphysis](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Linea aspera¹ [Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Obturator n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Obturator n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Frontal plane stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sagittal plane stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_longus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Adductor Magnus	Inferior pubic ramus¹ Ischial ramus¹ Ischial tuberosity¹ [Inferior pubic ramus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ischial ramus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial lip of Linea aspera¹ Adductor tubercle¹ [Medial lip of Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adductor tubercle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Obturator n.¹ Tibial n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Obturator n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Articular genus	Anterior Femoral shaft¹ [Anterior Femoral shaft](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Suprapatellar recess of knee joint capsule¹ [Suprapatellar recess of knee joint capsule](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Femoral n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Femoral n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee Jt. Capsule [Retraction of the suprapatellar bursa to prevent entrapment](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/articularis_genus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor digitorum longus	Lateral condyle of Tibia¹ Fibular head and medial surface¹ IO membrane¹ [Lateral condyle of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Fibular head and medial surface](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Dorsal aponeurosis of 2-5th distal phalanges¹ [Dorsal aponeurosis of 2-5th distal phalanges](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [DIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [INV or EV (position dependent)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor Hallucis Longus	Fibula (middle ⅓ of medial surface)¹ IO membrane¹ [Fibula (middle ⅓ of medial surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Dorsal aponeurosis of 1st distal phalanx¹ [Dorsal aponeurosis of 1st distal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis tertius	Anterior border of Distal Fibula² [Anterior border of Distal Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#origin) [@olewnikFibularisTertiusAnatomical2019]	Shaft or Base of 5th MT¹ [Shaft or Base of 5th MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus medius	Ilium¹ [Ilium](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (lateral surface)¹ [Greater trochanter (lateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus Minimus	Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)¹ [Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)¹ [Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Obturator externus	Outer surface of Obturator membrane¹ Adjacent bony boundaries¹ [Outer surface of Obturator membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent bony boundaries](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Trochanteric Fossa¹ [Trochanteric Fossa](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Obturator n.¹ L3 - L4¹ [Obturator n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L3](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/obturator_externus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Popliteus	Lateral Femoral Condyle¹ Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus¹ [Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Posterior surface of Tibia¹ [Posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Unlocks the knee via femoral ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Rectus femoris	AIIS¹ Acetabular roof¹ [AIIS](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Acetabular roof](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament¹ [Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Femoral n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Femoral n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/rectus_femoris.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tensor Fascia Latae	ASIS¹ [ASIS](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	IT Band¹ [IT Band](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tenses fascia latae¹ Hip Abduction¹ Flexion¹ IR¹ [Tenses fascia latae](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Hip [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tibialis Anterior	Tibia (Upper ⅔ of lateral surface)¹ IO membrane¹ Superficial crural fascia¹ [Tibia (Upper ⅔ of lateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Superficial crural fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial cuneiform (Medial & plantar surface)¹ 1st Metatarsal (medial base)¹ [Medial cuneiform (Medial & plantar surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [1st Metatarsal (medial base)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tibialis posterior	IO membrane¹ Adjacent Tibia¹ Adjacent Fibula¹ [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Cuneiforms¹ 2-4 MT bases¹ [Cuneiforms](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [2-4 MT bases](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Arch support [Transverse arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Longitudinal arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) NA Knee [negligble Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Vastus intermedius	Anterior Femoral shaft¹ [Anterior Femoral shaft](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament¹ [Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Femoral n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Femoral n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_intermedius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Vastus lateralis	Lateral lip of Linea aspera¹ Lateral surface of Greater trochanter¹ [Lateral lip of Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral surface of Greater trochanter](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament¹ Tibial tuberosity and patella via Patellar retinacula¹ [Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Tibial tuberosity and patella via Patellar retinacula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Femoral n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Femoral n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_lateralis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Vastus medialis	Linea aspera¹ Intertrochanteric line¹ [Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Intertrochanteric line](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament¹ Tibial tuberosity and patella via Patellar retinacula¹ [Tibial tuberosity via Patellar ligament](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Tibial tuberosity and patella via Patellar retinacula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Femoral n.¹ L2 - L4¹ [Femoral n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Anterior Thigh Muscles/vastus_medialis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]