Tibial Nerve

Authors

Affiliations

Nathaniel Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Roots

Pathway

Branches

• Medial plantar
• Lateral plantar
• Sural (shared common fib and tibial)

Motor innervation

• Triceps surae¹
  • Gastrocnemius¹
  • Soleus¹
• Plantaris¹
• Popliteus¹
• Tibialis posterior¹
• Flexor digitorum longus¹
• Flexor hallucis longus¹

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Muscle Innervations
Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Innervation	Action
Adductor Magnus	Inferior pubic ramus1 Ischial ramus1 Ischial tuberosity1 [Inferior pubic ramus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ischial ramus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial lip of Linea aspera1 Adductor tubercle1 [Medial lip of Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adductor tubercle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Obturator n.1 Tibial n.1 L2 - L41 [Obturator n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) - [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Biceps femoris long head	Ischial tuberosity1 Sacrotuberous lig.1 (Common head with semitendinosus)1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(Common head with semitendinosus)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Fibular head1 [Fibular head](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor digitorum longus	Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia1 [Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges1 [Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [DIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor hallucis longus	Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula1 IO membrane1 [Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 1st Distal Phalanx1 [Base of 1st Distal Phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gastrocnemius	Superior-posterior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle1 Lateral surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle1 [Superior-posterior aspect of Medial Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Lateral surface of Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon1 [Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Plantaris	Lateral epicondyle of Femur1 [Lateral epicondyle of Femur](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity1 [Calcaneal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [negligble Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Proprioception [Organ of proprioception for the plantarflexors](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) @spinaPlantarisMuscleAnatomy2007 TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Popliteus	Lateral Femoral Condyle1 Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus1 [Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Posterior surface of Tibia1 [Posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L4 - S11 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Unlocks the knee via femoral ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial tibial condyle1 Oblique popliteal lig.1 Popliteus fascia1 [Medial tibial condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Oblique popliteal lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Popliteus fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity1 Sacrotuberous lig.1 (common head with biceps femoris long head)1 [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(common head with biceps femoris long head)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Pes anserine1 [Pes anserine](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L5 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Soleus	Posterior Fibula1 Posterior Tibia1 [Posterior Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon1 [Calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ Tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 S1 - S21 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Lower leg [Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tibialis posterior	IO membrane1 Adjacent Tibia1 Adjacent Fibula1 [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Cuneiforms1 2-4 MT bases1 [Cuneiforms](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [2-4 MT bases](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.1 L4 - L51 [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Arch support [Transverse arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Longitudinal arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) NA Knee [negligble Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]

Direct Innervation From Sciatic N.

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Nerve	Action
Adductor Magnus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.html#insertion	?var:ref-adductor-magnus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Medial Thigh Muscles/adductor_magnus.html#action
Biceps Femoris Long Head	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.html#insertion	?var:ref-biceps-femoris-long-head.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.html#action
Semitendinosus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.html#insertion	?var:ref-semitendinosus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.html#action
Semimembranosus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.html#insertion	?var:ref-semimembranosus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.html#action

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Nerve	Action
Gastrocnemius	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.html#insertion	?var:ref-gastrocnemius.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/gastrocnemius.html#action
Soleus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.html#insertion	?var:ref-soleus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/soleus_muscle.html#action
Plantaris	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.html#insertion	?var:ref-plantaris.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/plantaris_muscle.html#action
Tibialis Posterior	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.html#insertion	?var:ref-tibialis-posterior.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.html#action
Flexor Digitorum Longus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-digitorum-longus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.html#action
Flexor Hallucis Longus	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-hallucis-longus.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.html#action

Medial Plantar N. Innervation

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Nerve	Action
Flexor Digitorum Brevis	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-digitorum-brevis.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digitorum_brevis.html#action
Lumbricals (foot)	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.origin	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.insertion	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.nerve	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.action
Flexor Hallucis Brevis	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-hallucis-brevis.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#action
Adductor Hallucis	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#insertion	?var:ref-adductor-hallucis.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#action

Lateral Plantar N. Innervations

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Nerve	Action
Abductor Digiti Minimi (foot)	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.html#insertion	?var:ref-abductor-digiti-minimi-foot.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/abductor_digiti_minimi_foot.html#action
Quadratus Plantae	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#insertion	?var:ref-quadratus-plantae.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/quadratus_plantae.html#action
Lumbricals (foot)	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.origin	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.insertion	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.nerve	?var:ref-foot-lumbricals.action
Flexor Hallucis Brevis	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-hallucis-brevis.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_hallucis_brevis.html#action
Adductor Hallucis	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#insertion	?var:ref-adductor-hallucis.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/adductor_hallucis.html#action
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (Foot)	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_foot.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_foot.html#insertion	?var:ref-flexor-digiti-minimi-brevis-foot.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_foot.html#action
Opponens Digiti Minimi (Foot)	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/opponens_digiti_minimi_foot.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/opponens_digiti_minimi_foot.html#insertion	?var:ref-opponens-digiti-minimi-foot.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/opponens_digiti_minimi_foot.html#action
Plantar Interossei (Foot)	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/plantar_interossei.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/plantar_interossei.html#insertion	?var:ref-plantar-interossei-foot.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/plantar_interossei.html#action
Dorsal Interossei (Foot)	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/dorsal_interossei.html#origin	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/dorsal_interossei.html#insertion	?var:ref-dorsal-interossei-foot.nerve	/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/dorsal_interossei.html#action

Cutaneous Innervation

• Medial sural cutaneous n.¹
• Medial and lateral calcaneal brs.¹
• Lateral dorsal cutaneous n.¹

Dysfunction

Entrapment: tarsal tunnel

Notes

“The tibial nerve, the larger of the two branches of the sciatic nerve, begins its own course in the upper part of the popliteal space. It descends vertically through this space, passing between the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle to the posterior aspect of the leg, and to the posteromedial aspect of the ankle, where its terminal branches serve the foot and ankle (see Chapter 21).”²

“The tibial nerve supplies the gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles. Articular branches pass to the knee and ankle joints.”²

References

1.

Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Wikenheiser JC, Voll MM, Wesker K, Schünke M, eds. Atlas of Anatomy. 4th ed. Thieme; 2020.

2.

Dutton M. Dutton’s Orthopaedic Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention. 5th ed. McGraw Hill Education; 2020.