Perceptual Deficits

Authors

Affiliations

Nate Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Body image/body scheme disorders

Unilateral neglect

Example

• Eating from right side of plate
• Drawing right side of clock

Anosognosia

Anosognosia: Neuropathological unawareness of a condition or impairment

Somatoagnosia

Pt feels parts of body have disappeared or pt has lack of awareness of part of body

Finger agnosia

inability to name, move, or touch specific fingers identified by the examiner.

R/L discrimination

Example

Ability to identify one side of the body from the other

Spatial relations disorders

Figure ground discrimination

ability to separate the elements of a visual image on the basis of contrast (e.g., light, dark), to perceive an object (figure) against a background (ground).

Form discrimination

the ability to use one’s senses, primarily vision and touch, to judge the shape, size, texture, and other features of an object

Spacial relations

where objects are in relationship to something else.

Position in space

Topographical

topographical disorientation refers to an acquired inability to navigate the environment in daily life

Disorientation

Depth/distance

Perception

Vertical disorientation

Motor apraxia

Motor Apraxia refers to difficulty with motor planning

Ideomotor

ideomotor dyspraxia

Can perform a task spontaneously but NOT ON COMMAND

Example

(inability to perform single motor tasks, such as combing hair or waving goodbye)^{scullyScullyMedicalProblems2014?}

Ideational

Ideational dyspraxia :::{.callout title=“Example”} (difficulty with multi level tasks, such as taking the proper sequence of steps for brushing teeth)^{scullyScullyMedicalProblems2014?} :::

Cannot perform a movement spontaneously or on command despite absence of motor deficits.

Buccofascial

Buccofacial apraxia (BFA) refers to the inability to perform voluntary movements of the muscles of the larynx, pharynx, tongue, lips, and cheeks, despite preserving automatic movements of the same muscles¹

Agnosia

Agnosia refers to the inability to recognize and identify objects, persons, or sounds using one or more of their senses

Visual object agnosia

Visual object agnosia refers to an impairment in recognizing visually presented objects, despite otherwise normal visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, and memory²

Auditory agnosia

Auditory agnosia is an inability to recognize sounds despite intact hearing. Auditory agnosias are typically associated with right side temporal lesions².

Tactile agnosia

Tactile agnosia refers to the inability to recognize objects by touch. They can name objects by sight².

References

1.

Tognola G, Vignolo LA. Brain lesions associated with oral apraxia in stroke patients: A clinico-neuroradiological investigation with the CT scan. Neuropsychologia. 1980;18(3):257-272. doi:10.1016/0028-3932(80)90122-0

2.

Kumar A, Wroten M. Agnosia. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2024. Accessed January 30, 2024. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493156/