Golf Injuries

Authors
Affiliations

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Golf injuries can include either overuse or traumatic injuries1

Upper limb injuries are also common due to their role in linking the fast moving golf club with the power-generating torso.

Professional Golf Injuries

Professional golfers primarily experience overuse injuries1

Overall injury rates do not have a consensus, but include the following:

  • Left wrist (for Right handers)1
  • Low back1
  • Neck1

Gender differences

Most common sites of injury for professsional male golfers were:

  1. Low back1
  2. Left Wrist (for right handers)1
  3. Left shoulder (for right handers)1

Female professionals common injuries:

  1. Left wrist (For right handers)1
  2. Low back1
  3. Left hand (For R-handers)1

Causes

Professionals generally have good golf mechanics so the chance of them injuring themselves due to an improper swing is very low

Professional golfers generally experience injury due to excessive practice1. Since the professional’s income and career achievement is based on golf, they are more likely to re-aggravate existing injuries compared to an amateur1.

Amateur golfers

Amateur golfers primarily experience injury secondary to incorrect golf swing mechanics1

Common injury sites in amateur golfers:

  • Low back
  • Wrist
  • Elbow
  • Shoulder

Gender

Differing research exists, whether low back or wrist is the most common injured site in amateur males1.

The most common injury site in amateur females was the elbow1.

Causes

Most elbow injuries were diagnosed as Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and usually occurred in the non-dominant elbow (L elbow for R-hand golfers)1

the most common MOI:

  • Overuse injury
  • Poor swing biomechanics
  • Hitting the ground during the swing

Amateur vs Professional

Injury Type

Overuse injury

More common are the overuse injuries associated with the back, neck and shoulder1

Injury location

Specific injury sites

Low Back injuries

Many studies report the low back to be the most commonly injured site in golf (~23.7–34.5% of all injuries)1

Incorrect swing/miss is the most common method to injury the back1

The mechanics of the golf swing place a large range of motion and force on the low back such as:

  • Downward compression1
  • Side-to-side Bending1
  • Sliding, back to front shearing1

Peak load during a golf swing on the low back is 8xBW, as opposed to 7xBW while rowing and 3xBW while jogging1.

Low back Amateur vs Professional

  • Amateurs use 10% more peak muscle force during swing, which places more load on the lumbar spine1
  • Amateurs and professionals experience similar compressional loads1
  • Amateurs experienced 80% more lateral bending and peak shear loads1
  • Amateurs displayed 50% more torque1

Wrist/Hand injuries

Incorrect swing/miss is the most common method to injure the wrist1

Elbow injuries

Shoulder injuries

Knee injuries

Major injuries: Head & Eye

Other injuries

Stress Fx

1.
McHardy A, Pollard H, Luo K. Golf injuries: A review of the literature. Sports Medicine (Auckland, NZ). 2006;36(2):171-187. doi:10.2165/00007256-200636020-00006

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