CNXII Hypoglossal Nerve

Authors

Affiliations

Nate Yomogida, PT, DPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, PT, DPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Upper part of medulla spinalis, hindbrain, and midbrain (posterior view)¹

Figure 1: Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their respective branches¹

Figure 2: Path of the Hypoglossal nerve¹

Muscles of the Tongue@OpenStaxAnatomyPhysiology2022

²

Dysfunction

Syndromes involving CN9-12 (CN IX-XII) from Table 13-1³

Syndrome (Eponym)	Nerves Affected	Location of Lesion
Collet-Sicard	CN IX, X, XI, XII3	Retroparotid space usually Lesion may be intracranial or extracranial3
Villaret	CN IX, X, XI, XII Plus the sympathetic chain CN VII is occassionally involved3	Retroparotid or retropharyngeal space3
Jackson	CN IX, X, & XI3	May be intraparenchymal (medulla); Usually intracranial before nerve fibers leave the skull3
Tapia	CN X & XII (CNXI and the sympathetic chain are occassionally involved)3	Usually high in the neck3
Garcin (hemibase syndrome)	All Cranial Nerves on one side (often incomplete)3	Often infiltrative; Arising from base of skull (especially nasopharyngeal carcinoma)3

References

1.

Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. (Lewis WH, ed.). Lea & Febiger; 1918. https://www.bartleby.com/107/

2.

Betts JG, Blaker W. Openstax Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd ed. OpenStax; 2022. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/?Book%20details

3.

Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. Localization in Clinical Neurology. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2022.