CNXII Hypoglossal Nerve

Authors
Affiliations

Nate Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Upper part of medulla spinalis, hindbrain, and midbrain (posterior view)1

Upper part of medulla spinalis, hindbrain, and midbrain (posterior view)
Figure 1: Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their respective branches
Figure 2: Path of the Hypoglossal nerve

Muscles of the Tongue@OpenStaxAnatomyPhysiology2022

Muscles of the Tongue@OpenStaxAnatomyPhysiology2022

2

Dysfunction

Syndromes involving CN9-12 (CN IX-XII) from Table 13-1
Syndrome (Eponym) Nerves Affected Location of Lesion
Collet-Sicard CN IX, X, XI, XII Retroparotid space usually
Lesion may be intracranial or extracranial
Villaret CN IX, X, XI, XII
Plus the sympathetic chain
CN VII is occassionally involved		 Retroparotid or retropharyngeal space
Jackson CN IX, X, & XI May be intraparenchymal (medulla);
Usually intracranial before nerve fibers leave the skull
Tapia CN X & XII
(CNXI and the sympathetic chain are occassionally involved)		 Usually high in the neck
Garcin (hemibase syndrome) All Cranial Nerves on one side
(often incomplete)		 Often infiltrative;
Arising from base of skull (especially nasopharyngeal carcinoma)

References

1.
Gray H. Anatomy of the Human Body. 20th ed. (Lewis WH, ed.). Lea & Febiger; 1918. https://www.bartleby.com/107/
2.
Betts JG, Blaker W. Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd ed. OpenStax; 2022. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/?Book%20details
3.
Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. Localization in Clinical Neurology. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2022.

Citation

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