P-value
A test of significance
Definition
- p-value is the tail probability calculated using a test statistic1
Calculation
To define it formally, let us use an example. A psychologist was interested in estimating the average fluid intelligence (Gf) in a specific age group. Suppose Gf follows a normal distribution, and we denote Xi as the Gf score for an individual i ̨ f1; 2; :::g, then
- i.i.d: Indicates independent and identically distributed
p hacking
“We define p hacking as taking inappropriate steps, whether consciously or innocently, to obtain significant p value(s) in science. Compared with misuses discussed below, which are not completely unfounded but not ideal, p hacking is, in general, inappropriate statistical practice, and one should strive to avoid it.”1
References
1.
Chén OY, Bodelet JS, Saraiva RG, et al. The roles, challenges, and merits of the p value. Patterns (New York, NY). 2023;4(12):100878. doi:10.1016/j.patter.2023.100878
Citation
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Yomogida N, Kerstein C. P-value. https://yomokerst.com/The
Archive/Evidene Based Practice/Statistical
Significance/p-value.html