Spasticity
Definition
According to the IAB-Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders4, spasticity is used as a general term to describe “involuntary muscle hyperactivity in the presence of central paresis”4.
Within this “involuntary muscle hyperactivity” includes: spasticity sensu strictu, rigidity, dystonia, spasms, or a combination of these4.
Classification
Spasticity is most often classified based on what body region it is impacting:4
- Arm (upper limb) spasticity
- Leg (lower limb) spasticity
- Hemispasticity
- Paraspasticity
- Tetraspasticity
References
1.
Raghavan P. Spasticity and Muscle Stiffness: Restoring Form and Function. 1st ed. Springer International Publishing AG; 2022.
2.
Sindou M. Neurosurgery for Spasticity: A Practical Guide for Treating Children and Adults. 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing AG; 2022.
3.
Johnson GR, Barnes MP, eds. Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome and Spasticity: Clinical Management and Neurophysiology. Second edition. Cambridge University Press; 2008. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544866
4.
Dressler D, Bhidayasiri R, Bohlega S, et al. Defining spasticity: A new approach considering current movement disorders terminology and botulinum toxin therapy. Journal of Neurology. 2018;265(4):856-862. doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8759-1
Citation
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Yomogida N, Kerstein C. Spasticity. https://yomokerst.com/The
Archive/Signs and Symptoms/Motor Symptoms/Muscle
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