Muscle | Origin | Insertion | Innervation | Action |
---|---|---|---|---|
Longissimus capitis | T1-T3 TP C4-C7 TP & articular process |
Mastoid process | Spinal nn. Posterior rami (lateral br.) C1 - C5 |
Bilateral: Head extension Unilateral: Ipsilateral head sidebend, Ipsilateral rotation |
Longissimus cervicis | T1-T6 TP | C2-C5 TP | Spinal nn. Posterior rami (lateral br.) C1 - C5 |
Bilateral: Extends spine Unilateral: Ipsilateral spine sidebend |
Longissimus thoracis | Sacrum Iliac crest Lumbar vertebrae SP Lower thoracic TP |
2-12 Ribs Thoracic TP Lumbar TP |
Spinal nn. Posterior rami (lateral br.) C1 - C5 |
Bilateral: Extends spine Unilateral: Ipsilateral spine sidebend |
Longissimus Muscle
Longissimus Capitis
Origin
T1-T3 (TP), C4-C7 (TP & articular process)4
Insertion
Temporal bone (Mastoid process)
Innervation
Action
Longissimus Cervicis
Origin
T1-T6 (TP)4
Insertion
C2-C5 (TP)4
Innervation
Action
Longissimus Thoracis
Origin
Sacrum; Iliac crest; Lumbar vertebrae (SP); Lower thoracic vertebrae (TP)4
Insertion
2nd-12th ribs; Thoracic & Lumbar vertebrae (TP)4
Innervation
Action
References
1.
Donnelly JM, Simons DG, eds. Travell, Simons & Simons’ Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Third edition. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2019.
2.
Neumann DA, Kelly ER, Kiefer CL, Martens K, Grosz CM. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations for Rehabilitation. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2017.
3.
Betts JG, Blaker W. Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd ed. OpenStax; 2022. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/?Book%20details
4.
Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Wikenheiser JC, Voll MM, Wesker K, Schünke M, eds. Atlas of Anatomy. 4th ed. Thieme; 2020.
Citation
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Yomogida N, Kerstein C. Longissimus Muscle. https://yomokerst.com/The
Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Muscles of the back/Erector
Spinae/Longissimus muscles/longissimus.html